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12. Earth and Space
People have always looked up at
the night sky and tried to solve the In ‘Introduction to Science’
secrets of the universe. But it was the classes you learnt:
20th century before man reached ✔ that there are planets and satellites in the Physics
textbooks nis edu kz
open Space and got closer to the Solar System
stars. The first artificial satellite was ✔ that all planets and most of their satellites are
successfully launched from Baikonur round
on 4 October 1957. Yuri Gagarin was ✔ that we gained all our knowledge about
the first man in Space, on the Vostok visible Space during long-term observations
1 spaceship, launched from the using a telescope
same cosmodrome on 12 April 1961.
Think about why we study Space. In this unit you will learn about:
Should money be spent on such ✔ the composition and structure of the Solar
investigations? System
✔ about the concepts of day, month and year
in terms of the motion of the Solar System
objects
✔ about the change of seasons as a result of
the motion of the Earth around the Sun, and
the inclination of the rotation of the axis of
the Earth relative to the plane of orbit
✔ the motion of the Moon and its phases
✔ the rise and fall of the tides
Key phrases:
✔ The length of a calendar day depends on … ;
the length of a month depends on … ; and the
length of a year is …
✔ Days are longer in summer because …
CCL In Geography classes you studied the
structure of the Earth and found out about
the hydrosphere. This will help you better
understand the reasons for the rise and fall of
the tides.
The launch of Vostok 1 in April 1961,
carrying Yuri Gagarin
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